Even 50 years ago increasing the fertility of soil with the help of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides was the general practice but over the last three decades people across the world have gradually adapted an alternate form of agriculture or farming which is known as organic farming.
Speaking about the concept of organic agriculture or organic agriculture first we need to mention what it actually is. Organic farming or organic agriculture is the form of farming where no chemical fertilizers, insecticides and pesticides are used to enhance the productivity and the fertility of the soil and to protect it from damages caused that pests and insects can made. The concept of organic agriculture refers to the use of several simple methods like crop rotation, crop residue and mechanical cultivation for increasing the fertility of the soil and making it productive for different kinds of crops. On the other hand method like integrated pest management helps to protect the soil from all kind of damages.
The use of a particular block of soil for different kinds of crops in different seasons is one of the main reasons why more and more people are now opting for this form of agriculture. The method called crop rotation has made it possible for farmers a particular area of land to use in cultivating different kinds of crops. By using different kinds of organic fertilizers and mineral powders a farmer can now cultivate vegetables on a block of soil which he or she had used for cultivating some cereal crops in the previous season.
Another important reason behind the wide acceptance of the concept of organic agriculture is the possibility of its practicing in diverse climatic conditions. Organic farming is generally practiced in the rainfed areas and in the hilly areas and mountainous terrains of the countries throughput the year. Different types of crops are cultivated in different seasons depending on th productivity of the soils which is increased with the use of organic fertilizers like seed meal, mineral powder like green sand and rock phosphate and natural potash.
Apart from all these, the common methods of cultivation are also important things to be mentioned about the concept organic agriculture. The most common methods of organic agriculture that farmers all over the world are now practicing include crop rotation, terrace farming, green manure, mulching, cover cropping and application of compost.
Another important contribution of organic agriculture is that apart from increasing the fertility of the soil and protecting it from damages, this form of agriculture also helps in resisting soil erosion in case of natural calamity like flood. On the other hand, for the use of different kinds of organic fertilizers the productivity of the soil remains high even in times of drought.
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